Ni izihe mpamvu zitera umuriro mumashanyarazi ya lithium?

Mu myaka yashize, umuriro n’ibisasu byagaragaye kenshi mu nganda zimwe na zimwe za elegitoroniki, kandi umutekano wa bateri ya lithium wabaye ikibazo gihangayikishije abaguzi.Umuriro w'imbaraga bateri ya lithium-ionpaki ni gake cyane, ariko nibimara kuba, bizatera reaction ikomeye kandi bitera byinshi.Umuriro wa batiri ya Litiyumu urashobora guterwa nikibazo kiri muri bateri aho kuba bateri ubwayo.Impamvu nyamukuru ni uguhunga ubushyuhe.

Impamvu yumuriro mumashanyarazi ya lithium yamashanyarazi

Impamvu nyamukuru yumuriro wa ipaki ya batiri ni uko ubushyuhe buri muri bateri budashobora kurekurwa ukurikije ibyashizweho, kandi umuriro uterwa nyuma yo kugera aho gutwika ibikoresho byo gutwika imbere n’imbere, kandi impamvu nyamukuru zibitera ni imiyoboro ngufi yo hanze, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru ndetse n’imbere umuzunguruko mugufi..

Nka nkomoko yingufu zibinyabiziga byamashanyarazi byuzuye, impamvu nyamukuru itera umuriro mumapaki ya batiri ya lithium-ion ni uguhunga ubushyuhe buterwa nubushyuhe bwa bateri, bikaba bishoboka cyane ko bibaho mugihe cyo kwishyuza bateri no gusohora.Kubera ko bateri ya lithium-ion ubwayo ifite imbaraga zo kurwanya imbere, izatanga ubushyuhe runaka mugihe itanga ingufu z'amashanyarazi kugirango itange ingufu kubinyabiziga bifite amashanyarazi meza, bizamura ubushyuhe bwabyo.Iyo ubushyuhe bwacyo burenze ubushyuhe busanzwe bukora, bateri ya lithium yose izaba yangiritse.Kuramba mu matsinda n'umutekano.

Uwitekasisitemu ya batiriigizwe ningirabuzimafatizo nyinshi za batiri.Mugihe cyakazi, ubushyuhe bwinshi burabyara kandi bukusanyirizwa mumasanduku nto ya batiri.Niba ubushyuhe budashobora gukwirakwira vuba mugihe, ubushyuhe bwo hejuru buzagira ingaruka kubuzima bwamashanyarazi ya lithium yamashanyarazi ndetse no guhunga kwa Thermal bibaho, bikaviramo impanuka nkumuriro no guturika.

Urebye uburyo bwo gutwarwa nubushyuhe bwa batiri ya lithium-ion, ibisubizo byimbere mu gihugu byatejwe imbere cyane cyane mubice bibiri: kurinda hanze no gutera imbere imbere.Kurinda hanze bivuga ahanini kuzamura no kunoza sisitemu, kandi imbere imbere bivuga kunoza bateri ubwayo.

Dore impamvu eshanu zituma amashanyarazi ya lithium yamashanyarazi afata umuriro:

1. Inzira ngufi yo hanze

Inzira ngufi yo hanze irashobora guterwa no gukora nabi cyangwa gukoresha nabi.Bitewe numuzunguruko mugufi wo hanze, isohoka ya batiri ya lithium yamashanyarazi ni nini cyane, izatera icyuma gishyuha.Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru buzatera diafragma imbere yibyuma bigabanuka cyangwa byangiritse rwose, bikavamo umuzunguruko mugufi n'umuriro.

2. Inzira ngufi

Bitewe nuko ibintu bigufi byimbere, isohoka ryinshi rya selile ya batiri itanga ubushyuhe bwinshi, butwika diaphragm, bikavamo ikintu kinini cyumuzunguruko, bikavamo ubushyuhe bwinshi, electrolyte ibora gaze, kandi imbere igitutu ni kinini.Iyo igikonoshwa cyo hanze cyibanze kidashobora kwihanganira uyu muvuduko, intangiriro ifata umuriro.

3. Amafaranga arenze

Iyo icyuma kirenze urugero, kurekura gukabije kwa lithium muri electrode nziza bizahindura imiterere ya electrode nziza.Litiyumu nyinshi yinjizwa byoroshye muri electrode mbi, kandi biroroshye gutera lithium kugwa hejuru ya electrode mbi.Iyo voltage irenze 4.5V, electrolyte izabora kandi itange gaze nyinshi.Ibi byose birashobora gutera inkongi.

4. Ibirimo amazi ni menshi cyane

Amazi arashobora gukora hamwe na electrolyte murwego rwo gukora gaze.Iyo yishyuye, irashobora kwitwara hamwe na lithium yakozwe kugirango itange aside ya lisiyumu, izatera gutakaza ubushobozi bwibanze, kandi biroroshye cyane gutera intandaro kurenza urugero kugirango itange gaze.Amazi afite voltage nkeya kandi yangirika muri gaze mugihe cyo kwishyuza.Iyo iyo myuka ikozwe, umuvuduko wimbere wibanze wiyongera mugihe igikonoshwa cyo hanze cyibanze kidashobora kwihanganira iyo myuka.Icyo gihe, intangiriro izaturika.

5. Ubushobozi bwa electrode budahagije

Iyo ubushobozi bwa electrode itari nziza ugereranije na electrode nziza idahagije, cyangwa nta bushobozi na busa, bimwe cyangwa byose bya lithium yakozwe mugihe cyo kwishyuza ntibishobora kwinjizwa muburyo bwimikoranire ya grafitike mbi ya electrode, kandi izashyirwa kuri Ubuso bwa electrode.“Dendrite” igaragara, igice cyiyi protuberance kirashobora gutera imvura ya lithium mugihe gikurikira.Nyuma yinzinguzingo kugeza ku magana yo kwishyuza no gusohora, "dendrite" izakura kandi amaherezo izacumita impapuro za septum, igabanye imbere.